Coherence 是雅思大作文的评分标准之一，即文章的连贯性。连贯的语言可以使文章读起来如行云流水，给人一气呵成之感。但是，在写作时，很多考生比较缺乏文章连贯的意识，或缺少使得语言表达连贯的方法，导致雅思大作文失分。鉴于此，墨尔本文波雅思结合多年的考试及教学经验，给雅思考生们讲解一下如何增强段落内部的连贯性。
一、正确使用指代词
使用的指代词包括人称代词，物主代词和一些特定的词语。
★ 使用人称代词或物主代词代替文章中重复出现的词
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.
★ 使用特定的词语来指代某一类事物
这些词包括one, that, those, so, this, not和do的各种形式。同时，被替代的可以是名词、动词，也可以是句子。
①替代名词(用one, that, those来替代某个名词)
剑桥7 test B task2范文中的句子：
I agree with the view that stars in the entertainment business are usually over paid. However, it is also true that it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salary.
②替代动词(用do的各种形式来代替前面提到的动词)
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.
③替代句子(用so, this, 或者not来替代一个句子)
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.
二、正确使用意思相关联的词
使用同义词，反义词等意义相互关联的词可以提醒读者一些相关的概念，而通过这些概念的反复出现达到与重复相类似的效果。
★ 同义词
剑桥5 test B task2范文中的句子：
I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of thisrubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food.
★ 反义词
剑桥5 test2 task2范文中的句子：
The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.
★ 有相互补充关系的词
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control ordiscipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse toobey school rules in the way that their parents did.
剑桥5 test4 task2范文中的句子：
Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before.
三、正确使用过渡词
使用过渡词可以说是实现段落内部表达连贯的最主要的手段。这是因为过渡词可以表示句与句之间的逻辑关系。下面朗阁海外考试研究中心将列举几类作文中常用的过渡词：
★ 表示并列
First / second / last, also, and, as well as, at the same time, equally important
- 剑桥5 test4 task2范文中的句子：
It seems that the experience we have in life are so unpredictable andso powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, andthere seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.
★ 表示递进
furthermore, in addition, moreover
剑桥7 test B task2范文中的句子：
It is true that it is only those who reach the top of their profession who can get these huge salaries. They are, in effect, rare talents.Furthermore, the majority of stars do not hold their top positions long.
★ 表示举例
as, for example, for instance, in fact, such as, that is, to illustrate
剑桥5 test B task2范文中的句子：
The majority of stars do not hold their top positions long. Sport stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next younger, more energetic generation, while the good looks of most film stars quickly fade.
★ 表示重复
in other words, that is, to repeat
剑桥7 test1 task2范文中的句子：
Some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill than a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequently a child practices.
★ 表示对比
however, in/by contrast, on the other hand, whereas, on the contrary
剑桥5 test2 task2范文中的句子：
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.
★ 表示因果
as a result, because, consequently, for this reason, since, as, therefore, thus, owing to
剑桥7 test1 task2范文中的句子：
Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport， art or music. So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.
★ 表示让步
although, even if, unless
剑桥5 testB task2范文中的句子：
Most of this rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food. But even if we buy fresh food without packaging, we still produce rubbish from the plastic bags used everywhere to carry shopping home.
★ 表示态度
strangely enough, undoubtedly, fortunately, unfortunately, most importantly, surprisingly
剑桥6 test4 task2范文中的句子：
However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that “change is always for the better”.Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts on the majority of people.
★ 表示总结
overall, in conclusion, in summary, to sum up
- 剑桥5 test4 task2范文中的句子：
In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects.
四、正确使用相同的句子结构
相同的句子结构能加深读者对作者观点的印象，提高文章表达的连贯性，更能增强文章的气势和感染力。
剑桥5 test B task2范文中的句子：
We forget that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce. We also forget that it is a source of pollution and difficult to dispose of.
剑桥6 test4 task2范文中的句子：
Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist, or that the “safe” patterns of behaviour are no longer appropriate.
剑桥7 test1 task2范文中的句子：
Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child wouldnot learn how to exploit and develop their talent.
以上四点是雅思考官范文中所体现出的增强文章段落内部连贯性的方法，在此，墨尔本文波雅思希望广大考生能够注意模仿和学习，能够在表达的连贯性方面获得高分。
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