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Dog Evolution Included Getting the Starch in
听力内容：
60秒科学节目（SSS）是科学美国人网站的一套广播栏目，英文名称：Scientific American – 60 Second Science,节目内容以科学报道为主，节目仅一分钟的时间，主要对当今的科学技术新发展作以简明、通俗的介绍，对于科学的发展如何影响人们的生活环境、健康状况及科学技术，提供了大量简明易懂的阐释。
When you think about dog food, you probably picture more meat than potato. But a new study finds that, unlike wolves, dogs have genes that allow them to digest starch. That evolutionary adaptation may have helped fuel their domestication. The report is in the journal Nature. [Eric Axelsson et al., The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet]
Dogs and wolves hail from a common canine ancestor. And though you can still see a strong resemblance, many traits distinguish the two today. Wolves have larger teeth and skulls than dogs do. And they’re far less likely to bring you your newspaper and slippers.
To figure out how such differences might have evolved, researchers compared the DNA of a dozen wolves and 14 different dog breeds, from cocker spaniels to German Shepherds. And they found 36 places where the dogs’ genes stray from those of the wolf. Some of these genes have to do with the brain, but a surprising number help pooches process carbs. [See also Kate Wong, Adaptation to Starchy Diet Was Key to Dog Domestication]
That metabolic trick may have made it easier for dogs to stomach hanging around with humans, particularly once people started farming. The leftover grains in the scrap heap may have attracted animals that, over time, evolved an ability to carbo-load. And ultimately convinced them to stay.
—Karen Hopkin
