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Nature is incredibly resilient, and I think more resilient than biologist’s thought. In the sense that given a chance in this case would be habitat, protection, time, populations can rebound dramatically. This is you know, 20 years that’s not a lot of time biologically. Some of these changes were evident within the first 5 to 10 years of the wolf reintroduction. Given time, given habitat, species can rebound in fact communities can rebound. We know this from other examples, for example protections that have been afforded by the Endangered Species Act. Let me show you a few examples of the rebound species we know about that have been protected say over the last century. Northern elephant seal in the late 20th century, late 19th century was hunted down to perhaps as few as 20 individuals, that populations now 200,000 because the protection of marine mammals. Sea otters have a very clear history because of the fur trade they are hunted all across the Pacific Rim from Aisa across the Alaskan coast down to California, reach the low perhaps 1000 animals protected beginning in 1911, there’s over 100,000 sea otters now. These are voracious carnivore area credibly at consuming shellfish and other things. Northern Pacific Humpback, well you can see these numbers may be 12-fold rebound about 40 years. Bald Eagle very famously of course was suffering because of DDT and other things down to 487 breeding pairs in the late 60s close to 10,000 breeding pairs today. And of course the Gray wolf in the Yellowstone general region which was 0 until reintroduction is now in much larger numbers, so just look at the scale of the rebound both in terms of magnitude and time. Species can rebound if they are given habitat and all that.
