很多学习英语的朋友想通过阅读材料提高自身的英文水平,但是真的拿到英文书籍和报刊之后却发现理想很丰满,现实很骨感。小说用词过于词藻华丽,用词偏难;报纸杂志用词新颖,话题贴近生活,并且能够补充文化背景知识,但是也有其自身难度。除此之外,阅读本身可能还会有词汇和表达的难点(阅读文本自身比日常听力文本要复杂)。
小说 Vs 期刊杂志
这里不推荐小说,而是推荐期刊杂志:一个原因是小说文体风格和我们日常使用的报告或考试写作不符,偏向记叙文,而杂志期刊的文体多样,多是议论文,内容往往针砭时弊,与日常考试语言风格接近。第二个原因就是比较有时效性,而且好的期刊杂志的作者本身水平颇高,用词讲究,比如《经济学人》和《时代周刊》就是不可多得的英语素材。
很多朋友也下定决心要多读些东西,但是拿起书没翻两页就放弃了,为什么呀?读起来实在费劲,中国的杂志拿出来唰唰唰看起来可快了,怎么英文期刊杂志就只能看看图,看看标题了。其实,英文刊物不像我们想象的那么简单。TIME杂志的主编曾经说过,“至少要让读者在每页停下来查两到三个生词”,对于native speakers来说尚且如此,更不要说对于广大英语学习者了。所以阅读期刊的确不容易。
既然不容易,那么究竟如何阅读期刊杂志呢?
其实阅读的方法主要是两种,相信大家也不陌生:一种是浏览,一种是精读。
浏览法就是观其大略,简要知道文章是关于什么的,而要做好浏览,可以紧紧把握题目和首段即可。题目往往是一篇文章的灵魂,整篇文章只是围绕一个主题来写,而标题就是文章的一个浓缩,甚至很多作者都是为了一个题目而费尽心机,如果你能读出这些标题背后的意思,那么,相信你已经理解了作者的观点。而首段的导语里几乎包含了整篇文章的所有主要信息。
试品读下面的几个标题
这些标题里都暗藏了作者的小心机在里头
比如by hukou by crook就是利用了谐音,by hook by crook 不择手段之意,但是这里用hukou 这个议题核心词来代替hook就是谐音。其他的标题可以留个大家自己探索。
再看几个导语部分,导语部分不论是信息还是句式表达都非常值得借鉴
- This year China is reforming one of the pillars of social control, the hukou, or household-registration system. This determines whether someone can get subsidized public services in cities: only those registered there qualify, meaning that millions of urban laborers born in the countryside are excluded.
- Melbourne remains the world’s most “livable” city, according to the 2015 Global Livability Ranking from our sister organization, the Economist Intelligence Unit. Considering 30 factors relating to safety, health care, educational, infrastructure and the environment in 140 cities, it shows that since 2010 average “livability” across the world has fallen by 1%, led by a 2.2% fall in the score for stability and safety.
- The moment of reckoning has arrived. Will “Star Wars: The Force Awakens”, released in America today, break the record for an opening weekend at the domestic box office?
- Australians wake up today to their fourth new prime minister in five years. In a brutal intra-party coup, Malcolm Turnbull last night ousted Tony Abbott, two years into the three-year term he won for his right-wing Liberal party in a general election in 2013. Some Liberals have been grumbling ever since.
另一种方法就是精读。所谓精读,可以在浏览之后,挑选一到两篇文章做逐词逐句的分解阅读。与浏览不同,精读的时候一定是纸笔字典相伴,遇到不会的词,就翻阅字典,遇到好的词句表达,就把它们都记下来。一篇文章读完,圈点批注加笔记,所有这些都记熟,这才是我们精读文章应有的态度。
比如下面文章里加黑体的单词就可以借鉴放到我们自己的写作或者表达中使用。
This year China is reforming one of the pillars of social control, the hukou, or household-registration system. This determines whether someone can get subsidized public services in cities: only those registered there qualify, meaning that millions of urban laborers born in the countryside are excluded.
reform:改革
one of the pillars:重要支柱之一 (可以取代one of the most important support)
This determines whether: 这决定了是否…
meaning that 意味着… (这里分词短语做一个补充)
坚持浏览和精读文章,对于时间紧迫的同学也许未必能帮助你提分,但是坚持下去,不仅能在词句上提升我们的表达力,而且长期浏览报刊,也有助于我们积累话题素材。