所谓雅思阅读,就是在有限的时间内,通过快速浏览,在文章中找出题目中的中心词,从而定位正确答案的过程。而雅思阅读的难度就在于题目中的中心词与文章中的词意思一致而表达方式完全不同。既然这样,要如何快速的定位原文呢?只要我们了解了同义词替换的规律,这一切就都变简单了。文波雅思为你总结了雅思同义词替换规律,帮助你更系统的掌握同义词替换在雅思阅读中的运用!
雅思阅读中的同义词替换,是指意思相近的词或句子之间的替换,其中包括词性转换,语态转换,短语与句子替换等等,并不只是严格的相同意义的词的替换。
同义词替换分为三类:词与词的替换,词与句的替换,句与句的替换。
一. 词与词的替换
- 1. 同义词反义词替换
1)名词: picture/image; (剑九 Test3 Passage3 )
argument/debate(剑九Test3 Passage1)
2)动词: Consult/ask advice of;
recognise/perceive(剑九Test1 Passage1)
3)形容词: global/international/worldwide(剑九Test2 Passage1);
different/distinct(剑九Test2 Passage3 )
4)副词: Instantly/immediately/promptly (剑九 Test1 Passage2)
5)介词: Around/nearby/in the vicinity of(剑九 Test3 Passage2)
6)反义词:dissatisfied/not satisfied(剑九 Test4 Passage2)
- 2. 词序转换
1)形容词前置定语→后置定语
machinery noise/noise generated by machine(generated是现在分词作后置定语); (剑九Test2 Passage1)
2)AB→B of A:
翻译时从of 后往前翻译,例如:
grammar rules/rules of grammar; 语法规则
Signal strength/ strength of the signal 信号强度(剑九Test3 Passage3)
- 3. 否定词替换
具有否定意义的词与not,no, never等词的意义相通: 在题干中是下面四项的某一项,而在原文中只是一个否定词。
1) Fail to do没有做成某事
2) Lack 没有足够的某物 (剑九Test4 Passage3)
3) Impossible 没有可能 ( 剑九Test4 Passage1 )
4) pointless/not make sense没有意义(剑九Test2 Passage2)
- 4. 词性转换
词性转换:同一词根的各种词性的转换,在原文里是形容词,在题干里可能是其名词形式。例如“
close/closure;
possible/possibility (剑九Test3 Passage2)
- 5. 泛指特指替换
National policy/ New Zealand strategy (剑九 Test2 Passage1);
scientists/NASA experts; (剑九Test3 Passage3)
二. 词与句的替换
时间状语→时间状语从句: From her childhood/when she was a child
(剑九Test4 Passage1)
定语→定语从句Undiagnosed children/children which have not been diagnosed剑九Test2 Passage1 )
三. 句与句的替换
- 语态替换—主动被动的替换:
Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship
- 同义句型替换—
…is important/it is important that ; The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empirical investigation of the self-as-subject are rather scarce;
can never be/it is impossible to do…(剑九Test4 passage2)
It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby.
It is useful to observe several features of how a mother acts when she is with her small child. (剑六 Test4 Passage2)
- 句子关系替换 if …/…unless; because/It is … that
因此在雅思阅读中,题干中找出关键词后,要意识到,在原文中应该是找不到一模一样的词的,大家要有预见性的猜测文中会出现什么替换词,从而更加迅速的定位答案。
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