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Scientists usually order laboratory mice online, but immunologist David Masopust went to more trouble. While doing research years ago at Emory University, he drove to a barn several hours away to trap the rodents himself. He suspected that commercially provided lab mice were missing some key immune cells because they had inexperienced immune systems—a result of being raised in extremely hygienic facilities. Masopust, now a professor at the University of Minnesota, went on to formally test his suspicion over the course of a decade and has found that it was correct: lab mice used by the scientific community and pharmaceutical world to test drugs and vaccines for human diseases are in some ways poor models of the human adult immune system.
As published this spring in the journal Nature, Masopust and his colleagues discovered that mice raised in germ-free facilities had immune systems that looked more like those of human babies than adults, as judged by the types of immune cells present and the genes that were active in those cells. For example, memory CD8+ T cells that serve as first responders to infection were virtually undetectable in adult lab mice but clearly present in barn mice and mice from pet stores. “We’ve ‘known’ this, but it’s good to finally see it proven,” says Purvesh Khatri, a computational systems immunologist at Stanford University who was not involved in the study.
immunologist 免疫学者
rodent 啮齿动物
hygienic 卫生的
pharmaceutical 制药(学)的