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Encroaching antibiotic resistance will not slow to keep pace with international diplomacy, however. It has been decades since a new class of antibiotics has been introduced—a needed innovation as more pathogens become resistant to existing antimicrobials. Researchers say that new antibiotics might not be the only option. Other weapons under development—likely to be used with antibiotics—include reintroducing tiny bacterial parasites called bacteriophages against some pathogens. Research teams are also looking into engineering souped-up antibodies to beat back specific infections or developing medications that would modulate a human’s immune response to a pathogen—because in some cases blocking inflammation will help alleviate much of the damage from infections. Another approach, Spellberg says, might be to employ iron-sequestration technologies that would passively starve microbes so they cannot grow in the body. Still other research pursued by Price and others zeros in on the gut microbiome, in the hope of designing probiotics that would change or help tamp down problematic bacterial colonization. “There’s not one silver bullet for combating antibiotic resistance,” Spellberg says. “Many things need to be explored so the solutions that are most promising will bubble to the surface.”
Already, drug resistance risks in our daily lives—outside of health care settings and farms—often go unrecognized but represent a growing concern. One little-discussed issue is community-acquired infections—situations in which people contract a superbug through food, drink or by touching a contaminated surface and then putting their hands in their mouths, Spellberg says. In such situations patients may unwittingly pick up superbugs that can reside in the gut without causing any issues for weeks or years. It is only when those superbugs go elsewhere in the body—the urinary tract, for example—that they can become dangerous or even deadly.
Encroach 侵蚀,侵犯
antibiotic 抗生的;抗菌的
diplomacy 外交;外交手腕
pathogen 病原体;病菌
medication 药物治疗
modulate 调节
inflammation 炎症
alleviate 减轻
starve 使饿死
colonization 殖民;殖民地化
contaminated 受污染的
unwittingly 不知不觉地
tract 束;大片土地,地带