这两天如果关注新闻的小伙伴一定知道，俄罗斯的一个黑客组织fancy bear入侵了国际反兴奋剂组织（WADA），披露了很多分机密文件，包括很多运动员拿着“尚方宝剑”“合法”服用兴奋剂。其中最受人瞩目的就是刚刚在里约奥运会上独揽四枚金牌的美国体操选手西蒙.拜尔斯，她以治疗多动症为由，长期服用禁药，提升竞技实力。今天，墨尔本悉尼文波PTE就带大家了解一下多动症（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder），补充大家的PTE阅读和听力相关词汇。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type. It is characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person’s age. These symptoms begin by age six to twelve, are present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or recreational activities). In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. Although it causes impairment, particularly in modern society, many children with ADHD have a good attention span for tasks they find interesting.
Diagnosis of ADHD
The number of behavioural and developmental disorders that cause symptoms of ADHD in young children is growing. This means it is important to properly assess the causes of their symptoms.
A paediatrician, child psychologist or child psychiatrist can make the assessment or arrange a referral. They can diagnose ADHD only after making a complex assessment – there is no single test. They need to collect a range of information, especially from parents. The symptoms of ADHD must be obvious in most areas of the child’s life.
Assessments must include a developmental history of the child’s past behaviours. Assessment will also consider any problems with the child’s early attachment to a parent or caregiver, which may contribute to the behaviour. Doctors and psychologists use a variety of internationally recognised scales and criteria when diagnosing ADHD.
Hyperactivity n. 极度活跃，活动过度
Neurodevelopment n. 神经发育
Diagnosis n. 诊断
Symptom n. 症状，征兆
Paediatrician n. 儿科专家
Psychiatrist n. 精神病学家
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